Growing Beech Trees For Nuts And Timber

Beech trees are deciduous trees that belong to the genus Fagus and the family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, and North America.

Beech trees typically have smooth gray bark, glossy dark green leaves that turn a golden yellow color in the fall, and small, triangular nuts called beechnuts that are encased in prickly burrs. They can grow to be quite large, with some species reaching heights of up to 120 feet (36 meters).

Beech trees are known for their strong, hard wood, which is used for a variety of purposes, including furniture, flooring, and cooking utensils. They are also popular ornamental trees and are often planted in parks and gardens for their attractive foliage and shape.

Beech trees are important ecologically as they provide habitat for many species of wildlife, including birds, mammals, and insects. They are also an important source of food for a variety of animals, including deer, squirrels, and bears.

beech tree branch with leaves
bark of a beech tree beech wood showing grain

American Beech Tree

American Beech trees grow mostly around the Great Lakes region of North America. Once, towering pure stands of American Beech covered the Appalachian Mountains from just south of the Canadian border right down to Tennessee. Some of these trees were 1,000 years old and 15 feet across. Sadly, these old growth beech forests were harvested three centuries ago for furniture, flooring and wood handles for tools as colonies grew.

The American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia) is an important tree species for several reasons, including its wood, beechnuts, and its role in the environment.

Firstly, American beech wood is highly valued for its strength, durability, and attractive appearance. It is commonly used for furniture, flooring, and veneer, among other things. The wood is also used for fuel and charcoal production.

Secondly, beechnuts are an important food source for wildlife, including birds, squirrels, deer, and bears. The nuts are high in fat and protein, and are an important source of energy for animals during the fall and winter months.

Thirdly, American beech trees play an important role in the environment. They are long-lived, slow-growing trees that can live for hundreds of years. They are also important components of forests, providing food and habitat for many species of animals and plants. The trees' broad, spreading canopies provide shade and help to reduce soil erosion, while their deep roots help to stabilize soil and prevent erosion.

n addition, American beech trees are important to the carbon cycle. They absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in their wood and other tissues. This makes them an important tool in mitigating climate change.

Overall, the American beech tree is an important species for its wood, beechnuts, and its role in the environment. It is a valuable resource that should be conserved and managed sustainably for future generations.

american beech growing in the usa

Beech Nuts

Beechnuts, the small triangular nuts produced by the American beech tree, have been an important food source for people and wildlife for thousands of years. Native Americans in particular used beechnuts as a staple food source and for various other purposes. Here are some uses of beechnuts by Native Americans:

  • Food: Beechnuts were commonly roasted, boiled, or ground into a flour to make bread or porridge. They were also eaten raw, although they have a slightly bitter taste. The nuts are high in protein, fat, and carbohydrates, making them a nutritious food source.
  • Medicinal use: Beechnuts were used by Native Americans to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, tuberculosis, and skin rashes. The nuts were also used as a poultice to help heal wounds and reduce inflammation.
  • Dye: The outer husk of the beechnut contains tannins that can be used to dye cloth or other materials a yellow or brown color.
  • Adhesive: Native Americans also used a paste made from beechnuts as an adhesive for attaching feathers or other decorations to their clothing or other items.
  • Fuel: The high oil content of beechnuts made them an excellent fuel source for fires.

European Beech Tree

The European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is a deciduous tree that is native to most of Europe, from Spain and Portugal in the west to Ukraine and the Caucasus in the east. It is also commonly planted as an ornamental tree in other parts of the world, including North America. European beech typically has straight, branch clear trunks with a large spreading canopy. In instances of pure stands, European beech trees grow extremely tall; sometimes over 200 feet with beautiful smooth bark trunks that are clear of branches most of their length. Pure stands of European beech trees are rare, most cut down decades ago for their valuable straight-grained wood.

The wood of the European beech is highly valued for its strength, hardness, and durability. It is commonly used for furniture, flooring, cabinetry, and tool handles, among other things. The wood is also used for fuel, charcoal production, and as a smoking wood for foods.

European beech nuts, also known as beech mast, are an important food source for wildlife, including wild boar, deer, and squirrels. The nuts are high in protein, fat, and carbohydrates, and are an important energy source for animals during the fall and winter months.

In addition to its economic and ecological importance, the European beech also has cultural significance in Europe. It is often featured in literature, art, and folklore, and is considered a symbol of longevity and wisdom.

Overall, the European beech is an important tree species in Europe, providing valuable wood and food resources, as well as ecological and cultural benefits. Its sustainable management and conservation are essential for ensuring its continued use and survival in the future.

european beech growing in the eu

There are intermittent scatters of European beech trees throughout the east of the country introduced over a century ago when imported trees through New York were all the rage. Most were grown as a novelty landscape tree without anyone realizing the wood value of the tree. Understandable, since there was plenty of other trees available for wood and timber.

European beech actually grows pretty well in the United States and Canada, achieving the same size and wood quality of trees growing in Europe. Timber investors should seriously consider European as a plantation tree and grow it for its commercial value. It would be an opportunity to corner the market and offer a high-quality wood seldom seen.

Beech Wood

In Europe, beech trees are harvested having wide caliper trunks. It’s not uncommon to mill several 3 and 4 foot wide planks from a single sawlog. Beech wood is prized for furniture because of its range of color, from a pale cream color to pink or light brown. The composition of the soil (mineral content) is the cause of the color variations. Pink beech wood is the most valuable. Although very hard, beech wood is excellent for steaming and bending, ideal for boat hull ribbing, tool handles, railings, staircases, sport sticks and creative furniture design.

beech timber lumber and wood

Asian Beech Trees

Asian beech trees refer to several species of beech trees that are native to Asia, including the Japanese beech (Fagus crenata), Chinese beech (Fagus engleriana), and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), among others. These trees are closely related to the American and European beech trees and share many of the same characteristics.

Like their American and European counterparts, Asian beech trees are valuable for their wood, which is used for furniture, flooring, and other applications. They also produce edible nuts that are a food source for wildlife and people in some parts of Asia.

Asian beech trees are generally well-adapted to their local environments, and have been used in traditional medicine for their various health benefits. For example, the bark of the Oriental beech tree has been used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat conditions such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin infections.

Asian beech trees are also important components of many forest ecosystems in Asia, providing food and habitat for a variety of wildlife species. However, like many other tree species, they are threatened by deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and other human activities that affect their natural habitats.

Overall, Asian beech trees are an important natural resource in Asia, providing valuable wood, food, and ecological benefits. Sustainable management and conservation of these trees is essential for their continued survival and the well-being of the ecosystems they support.

beech trees growing in asia

The best time to plant beech trees was 20 years ago.
The second best time is now!